Calculus is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of change and motion. It encompasses two main branches: differential calculus and integral calculus. Differential calculus deals with the concept of derivatives, which measure the rate of change of a function at a particular point and provide tools for analyzing the behavior of functions, finding maximum and minimum values, and solving optimization problems. Integral calculus, on the other hand, deals with the concept of integrals, which represent the accumulation of quantities and provide tools for calculating areas, finding total accumulated quantities, and solving problems related to motion and accumulation. Calculus plays a fundamental role in various scientific and engineering disciplines, providing a mathematical framework for modeling and solving problems involving change, motion, and optimization.